REVIEW GUIDE 2.1

Format

· The exam is multiple choice and true-false.

· The exam is cumulative, so use the first study guide, too.

· There will be information on the test from the texts not covered in class.

Know Sutherland’s differential association theory. Why does Sutherland prefer the term “differential social organization” over “social disorganization”? Why is this theoretically meaningful? Be prepared to discuss the scientific adequacy of learning theory generally. How did Burgess and Akers modify Sutherland? What theory from psychology did they draw upon? What are some methodological problems with learning theory? What questions does the theory leave unanswered? Know Stephen Pfohl’s reservations about the learning perspective’s approach to crime and deviance.

What is the term David Matza uses to describe the condition of limbo between a conventional life style and a criminal life style with no strong attachment to either? If, according to Matza, the search for adventure characteristic of juvenile delinquents is not a deviant value, then what is it? What are Sykes and Matza’s techniques of neutralization? Know them. What did Jack Katz argue about crime and seduction.

What is labeling theory? Who are chief proponents of this view? What are they concerned to show? What are key concepts and core assumptions? Who is Tannenbaum? Lemert? Becker? What did they argue? What is the dramatization of evil? What is primary deviance? Secondary deviance? What is a moral entrepreneur? What is a moral panic? What is deviance amplification? Who is Mead? What is symbolic interactionism?

There are several questions from lecture and the texts about radical criminology. What is Marxism? What are the propositions of Quinney’s Social Reality of Crime thesis? According to Stephen Pfohl, in Images of Deviance and Social Control, what are, from the anarchist point of view, characteristics of state societies? What are the anarchist’s criticisms of authority? More generally, what do radicals claim that the capitalist class does to maintain power?

What is the radical perspective? What is Marxism? What are the propositions in Richard Quinney’s “social reality of crime thesis”? Who was Michael Lynch? What did he study? Whose theory did he use in his studies? What time period did he explore? What did he find? What is the caste-class segmentation of crime and punishment model? How do I define social class? What is racial caste? How does the combination of race and class determine the patterns of crime and the character of punishment under capitalism? How does racial caste divide the working class? Who commits street crime? Who commits white collar crime? How does punishment differ for the zones of enrichment/inclusion versus the zones of impoverishment/exclusion?

What do liberal feminist criminologists, such as Freda Adler, say explains the increase in crime among women? Has there really been an increase? What is power-control theory? How does John Hagan use Erik Olin Wright’s models to fashion his theory? According to power-control theory of crime, in what type of social institution are girls more likely to engaged in delinquency? Why? What are patriarchal and egalitarian families? Why is power-control theory unique? What do studies using the theory find? What are the problems with the theory?

What is the FBI's Uniform Crime Report (UCR)? When was it developed? How are statistics for the UCR compiled? What are the eight index crimes? Why did the FBI select these? What are problems with the UCR? What are methodological criticisms? What is the “dark figure” of crime? What are those conditions that Black found that must be met in order for an event to be filed and submitted to the UCR by the police? What does victimization data allows analysts to estimate? What is the NCVS? When was it developed? How is it conducted? How do the UCR and NCVS differ? What are some of the major findings of the NCVS? What types of crimes are not recorded by the UCR or NCVS?

Update (5.14.2008)

What is the difference between robbery and burglary? Why do Beirne and Messerschmidt categorize robbery as a property crime? Is this how the FBI categorizes it? Which is more dangerous, armed robbery or strong-arm robbery? What are the differences between amateur and professional burglars? What does Neil Shover mean by “life as party”? How is the relationship between “life as party” and life-course persistent criminal offending? What are the different types of larceny? What are the types of shoplifters? What are the different varieties of check fraud?

What is fencing? What is the motive of most amateur fences? Does this differ from those of professional fences? Are the economic networks with which fences are involved exclusively illegitimate? How serious is arson compared to other crimes listed in the FBI’s index of serious crimes? What are the different types of arson? Which is the most costly type of arson?

How frequent is murder compared to the other types of interpersonal violence? Where is murder more likely to occur? In which region is murder more likely to occur? What are hate crimes? How does hate crime as a category of violence differ from other criminal categories of violence? What is rape? Do most Americans realize how frequently rape occurs? Are women more likely to be raped by a stranger or somebody they know? What about the idea of “victim-precipitated rape”? Does this happen, according to your textbook? What has been the role of rape and war? Is so-called “date rape” the same thing?

What is wife rape? How serious is it? Has wife battering always been illegal? What are the four major types of battering in heterosexual couples? In what context does most physical and sexual abuse of children occur? What are the different types of elder abuse?

What did the term “mafia” originally describe? What was the effect of the Volstead Act of 1919 on syndicated crime? Is syndicated crime a closed criminal network? Or is it open, involving legitimate businesses, organizations, and governments? What is the “patron-client” relationship? What are the principle forms of syndicated crime?

What are the two major types of occupational crime? What are examples of each? What is the difference between employee theft and embezzlement? How serious is corporate crime? Is it worse than street crime in terms of financial losses and harm to individuals? Are transnational corporations relatively free of elite deviance? What are some of the types of transnational crime?

What is the difference between political crimes against the state and political crimes by the state? Define each. Are violent and nonviolent crimes against the state a common occurrence in US history? What are some examples? What is terrorism? What are the three types of terrorism discussed in the text? What is transnational political crimes by the state? What role has the United States played in assassinations and state terrorism?