Ground Water and Lakes

1. In some karst areas, there are closed depressions kilometers across. They form by:
   1. coalescence of small sinkholes
   2. collapse of vast caverns all at once
   3. movements of the earth's crust
   4. drying out of ancient lakes
2. To prevent long-term pollution of ground water, it is most important to protect:
   1. The recharge Zone
   2. The area around the well
   3. Streams and lakes
   4. Springs and seeps
3. Most of the earth's water is:
   1. Lakes and rivers
   2. ground water
   3. Ocean water
   4. Glacial ice
4. One of the factors in the eruption of a geyser:
   1. The boiling point of water increases with pressure
   2. Hot water contains more minerals than cold water
   3. Geyser water is full of high-pressure gases
   4. Geyser water is unusually pure
5. Geysers can be destroyed by:
   1. Minerals plugging the conduit of the geyser
   2. Unusually violent eruptions
   3. Both a and b.
   4. Neither a nor b
6. Artesian wells:
   1. Are always pure
   2. Cannot be polluted because they are sealed
   3. Always flow to the surface
   4. None of the above
7. Center-pivot irrigation:
   1. Has made it possible to farm soils that cannot be conventionally irrigate
   2. Is causing the depletion of many aquifers
   3. Is very distinctive seen from the air
   4. All the above
8. Infiltration capacity is the:
   1. rate at which a stream erodes
   2. distance a stream flows from its source to the ocean
   3. maximum rate at which surface materials can absorb water
   4. vertical distance a stream can erode below sea level
   5. variation in flow velocity across a stream channel
9. Which of the following is an example of deposition by groundwater?
   1. karst topography
   2. caves
   3. stalactites
   4. caverns
   5. sinkholes
10. What percentage of the water used in the United States is provided by groundwater?
    1. 50
    2. 40
    3. 30
    4. 20
    5. 10
11. Rapid withdrawal of groundwater can result in:
    1. a cone of depression
    2. loss of hydrostatic pressure
    3. ground subsidence
    4. saltwater incursion
    5. all of these
12. In which area are you least likely to find hot springs or geysers?
    1. eastern Canada
    2. New Zealand
    3. western United States
    4. Iceland
    5. none of these
13. The water table is a surface separating the:
    1. zone of porosity from the underlying zone of permeability
    2. capillary fringe from the underlying zone of aeration
    3. capillary fringe from the underlying zone of saturation
    4. zone of aeration from the underlying zone of saturation
    5. zone of saturation from the underlying zone of aeration
14. Groundwater:
    1. moves slowly through the pore spaces of Earth materials
    2. moves fastest through the central area of a material's pore space
    3. can move upward against the force of gravity
    4. moves from areas of high pressure toward areas of low pressure
    5. all of these
15. The water in hot springs and geysers:
    1. is believed by many to have curative properties
    2. is noncorrosive
    3. contains large quantities of dissolved minerals
    4. answers (a) and (b)
    5. answers (a) and (c)
16. Which of the following is not a geothermal site?
    1. Rotarua, New Zealand
    2. The Geysers, California
    3. Reykjavik, Iceland
    4. Omaha, Nebraska
    5. Yellowstone National Park
17. Which of the following is not a cave deposit?
    1. stalagmite
    2. stalactite
    3. fumarole
    4. dripstone
    5. none of these
18. The capacity of a material to transmit fluids is:
    1. porosity
    2. aeration quotient
    3. permeability
    4. saturation
    5. solubility
19. Ground water which is trapped by an impervious layer below is called:
    1. perched water table
    2. artesian well
    3. spring
    4. pressurized
20. What makes rainwater able to dissolve carbonate rocks?
    1. carbon dioxide in solution makes the water slightly acid
    2. Pollutants in the rainwater makes it alkaline
    3. It becomes alkaline in percolating through the soil.
    4. Dissolved nitrogen forms diluted nitric acid
21. Most of the liquid fresh water on Earth is in
    1. ground water
    2. streams
    3. rivers
22. On a geological time scale, lakes are
    1. very long-lasting
    2. short-lived
23. The water table in a swamp
    1. is far below the surface
    2. is just at the surface
    3. is well above the surface
    4. has nothing to do with the swamp
24. A well which flows naturally because the water is under pressure:
    1. aquifer
    2. artesian
    3. alkaline
    4. mineralized
25. Excessive pumping of well water can:
    1. suck salt water into coastal wells
    2. cause subsidence
    3. lower the water table
    4. all the above
26. A landscape which forms as a result of solution of limestone by ground water:
    1. karst landscape
    2. basin-and-range topography
    3. stoss-lee topography
27. When several sinkholes coalesce (come together) the result is:
    1. a graben
    2. a solution valley
    3. a syncline
    4. a kettle
28. Most likely to produce the deepest lake
    1. forming a cutoff meander
    2. flooding a graben
    3. a delta blocking a bay
    4. a ice block melting to form a kettle pond
29. Stalactites and stalagmites form in caves that are
    1. above the water table
    2. below the water table
30. Sinkholes and solution collapse features commonly form in any of the following rock types except:
    1. chert
    2. gypsum
    3. limestone
    4. dolomite
    5. rock salt or halite
31. The proposal to put a nuclear waste repository in the Wolf River Batholith:
    1. is geologically sound because igneous rocks do not contain any ground water
    2. may not be practical because ground water moves through joints in igneous rocks
    3. is geologically sound because ground water flows uniformly through igneous rocks.
32. A few lakes have bottoms which are below sea level. Which kind of lake is least likely to be in that category?
    1. an oxbow or cutoff meander
    2. a glacially-scoured lake
    3. a graben lake
    4. a caldera or crater lake
33. Which kind of lake is likely to last longest?
    1. a kettle lake
    2. a sinkhole lake
    3. a cutoff meander or oxbow lake
    4. a graben lake
34. An aquifer is:
    1. a permeable layer that transmits water
    2. a man-made conduit through which water is carried to places of habitation.
    3. the place where water tables intersect the earth's surface
    4. the zone of the water table which transmits aerated water
    5. none of these
35. The primary force which is responsible for the downward migration of groundwater is:
    1. surface tension
    2. air pressure
    3. gravity
    4. precipitation
    5. none of these
36. Porosity may be defined as:
    1. the rate of forward flow of groundwater
    2. the amount of space in a body of rock or soil which is filled by mineral grains
    3. the volume of interconnecting open areas in a rock body
37. The following earth material has the greatest porosity:
    1. sandstone
    2. granite
    3. recently deposited sand
    4. recently deposited mud
    5. limestone
38. This technique has recently made it possible to irrigate and farm land that formerly could not be irrigated:
    1. no-till agriculture
    2. aerial spraying
    3. gravity-feed dispersal
    4. center-pivot-irrigation
    5. none of these
39. What fact about water is of critical importance in explaining how geysers work?
    1. boiling point decreases with pressure
    2. boiling point increases with pressure
    3. it takes a large amount of energy to boil water
    4. water boils more easily at high altitude
    5. hot water dissolves more materials than cold water
40. This aquifer is in danger of being depleted and interfering with farming:
    1. High Plains
    2. Gulf Coast
    3. Columbia Plateau
    4. Ohio Valley
    5. Tennessee Valley

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Created 31 Dec 1996; Last Update 13 December 2004

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