(also see Key Concepts on page 318 of text 8 th ed.)
1. Components of
the atmosphere: gases and aerosols
2. Significance
of CO2
3. Thermal
structure of atmosphere, Troposphere vs. stratosphere: how differ?
4. Electromagnetic
spectrum – short wave vs. long wave; importance for life
5. Interactions
of solar radiation with atmosphere and Earth's surface
6. Solar
radiation vs. infrared radiation: how similar? how
differ?
7. Radiational heating vs. radiational cooling
8. Greenhouse
effect: causes and implications
9. Heat balance:
vertical (earth surface vs. atmosphere) and latitudinal (horizontal) variations
10. Sensible heat (convection) vs.
latent heat (change state of water) transport: similarities? Differences?
11. Convectional
currents, warm fronts, and cold fronts: differences?
12. Differential
heating and atmospheric circulation
13. Steering
winds: jet streams
14. El Nino: what
is it? Where does it occur? Impacts?
15. How do current
climate trends relate to past trends?
16. "Cultural"
greenhouse effect and gases
17. Global Climate
Change: causes and implications
18. Reducing
greenhouse gases
19. Define: Air
pollution
20. Primary and
secondary air pollutants
21. Types of Air
pollutants and sources
22. Impacts of Air
pollution
23. Air-pollution potential
and distribution: weather (thermal inversions, dry vs. rainy, long-range
transport)
24. Acid
Deposition: how forms and nature of impact?
25. Thinning of
Ozone Shield: evidence, causes, progress
26. Air quality
standards,
27. Air quality
control (prevention vs. cleanup)
28. Current
conditions and future prospects
30. Relative
humidity: how determined? significance?
31. How is
saturation actually achieved?
32. Rain shadow
33. How is expansional cooling achieved?
(4 ways)
34. Water Cycle:
major pathways (evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff,
groundwater flow)
35. Global water
budget? Compare and contrast oceans and continents
36. Relative size
and importance of global reservoirs of the water cycle
37. Infiltration
38. Groundwater
flow, water table, recharge, aquifers
39. Characteristics
of a good aquifer or poor aquifer
40. Groundwater
mining and its consequences; cone of depression
41.
42. Power of Water video handout. (tentative)
43. Watershed/drainage
basin
44. Water use and
conservation
45. What is meant
by water quality?
46. Drainage basin
activities: how each affects water quality
47. Point vs. nonpoint sources of water pollution
48. Waterborne
pathogens: sources? how
controlled?
49. Coliform
bacteria: index of what? significance?
50. Oxygen-demanding
wastes (BOD); examples and sources
51. Importance and
source of dissolved oxygen (DO)
52. Oxygen sag
curve: what is it? What causes it? What are the consequences?
53. Aerobic vs.
anaerobic decomposition: differences in
decay products?
54. Nutrients
sources and consequences
55. Causes and
consequences of eutrophication
56. Oligotrophic vs. eutrophic lakes: how similar? how
different?
57. Natural vs.
cultural eutrophication
58. Sediments and
turbidity of surface waters
59. Toxic
chemicals: types and reasons for concern?
60.
61.
1. Is risk based
on adults or children?
2. FYI:
http://dnr.wi.gov/org/water/fhp/fish/pages/consumption/index.shtml
62. Groundwater
pollution: conditions where it’s more likely
63. Groundwater
Pollution: causes, types, and relative significance
64. Pollution
control strategies
65. Goals of the Clean Water Act
66. Hazardous vs.
toxic
67. Solubility
(water vs fat or oil soluble)
68. Bioaccumulation,
biomagnification
69. Persistence
70. Exposure
factors; dose, acute vs. chronic
71. What factors influence
sensitivity of organisms to toxins?
72. Basic types of
health responses to toxins/pollutants
73. Dose -
response
74. LD50
75. Why is it
difficult to predict chronic effects?
76. Risk and risk
policy: important factors to consider
77. Endocrine
disrupters (see pages 202 and 204; or (167 9th ed))