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Key to the Trees of Wisconsin
81. Buds very dark colored, sometimes nearly
black, with rusty orange-brown hairs on the surface of the
scales (this may take some practice to understand--see photos);
at least some leaves tend to fold conspicuously upward along
the midvein; fruit lacking marginal cilia.
81. Buds less dark, medium brown, glabrous
or with pale hairs restricted to the margins of the scales;
leaves not usually folded upward along the midvein; fruit
with marginal cilia.