Phenology

Observations by Gary Fewless for Green Bay WI (Lat.N 44.51° Long. W 88.02° ), except as noted. For flowers lacking conspicuous petals or sepals I define "anthesis" as release of pollen by mature anthers.

July 2003

Observations by Gary Fewless, except as noted

Date	Observation (Click on links for photos)
July 30	Strong thunderstorms and local flooding in northeastern Wisconsin in the afternoon and evening. Some areas received over 6 inches of rain(!) though most amounts were smaller, including Green Bay with about 1 inch at the airport weather station.
July 29	Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli) in flower and conspicuous in Green Bay area. As the common name implies this species occurs in disturbed soils, but is also common on shorelines of lakes and in other sunny, muddy sites.
July 27	Round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia) in flower, Door County
July 26	Grass-leaved goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia), giant sunflower (Helianthus giganteus), turtlehead (Chelone glabra) in flower, Marinette County.
July 24	Spotted Joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium maculatum) in flower, UWGB.
July 23	Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) in flower, UWGB.
July 22	Early goldenrod (Solidago juncea) in flower, UWGB. Common water-hemlock (Cicuta maculata) and jewelweed (Impatiens biflora) in flower, Brown County, Barkhausen Waterfowl Preserve.
July 21	Giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea) and Forest sunflower (Helianthus decapetalus) in flower, UWGB.
July 20	Prairie rosinweed (Silphium integrifolium) in flower, planted in UWGB prairie.
July 18	Mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginiana) in flower, UWGB.
July 17	Yellow coneflower (Ratibida pinnata) in flower UWGB.
July 16	Lopseed (Phryma leptostachya) and purple bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) in flower, UWGB. Fringed loosestrife (Lysimachia ciliata) is also in flower, but I probably missed the start. Also dotted horsemint (Monarda punctata) was in flower in Marinette County, but the starting date is uncertain.
July 12	Narrow-leaved cow-wheat (Melampyrum lineare) in flower. I can't monitor this one closely, so it is not clear when it began to flower, but probably not more than a few days ago. Also, the first ripe blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) I have seen. Marinette County (Gary Fewless).
July 11	Compass plant (Silphium laciniatum) and climbing prairie rose (Rosa setigera) in flower in UWGB's planted prairie (Gary Fewless).
July 10	Mullein (Verbascum thapsus), Stinging nettles (Urtica dioica) and Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum) first day in flower, UWGB. Also in flower, but probably not the first day, spotted lady's-thumb (Polygonum persicaria) (Gary Fewless).
July 9	First ripe black raspberries (Rubus occidentalis), UWGB. This appears to be a very good year for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), with numerous large, flowering populations conspicuous in our area (Gary Fewless). Michigan Lily (Lilium michiganense) and Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) in flower, Town of Cooperstown, Manitowoc County (Joel Trick).
July 8	Wild carrot/Queen Anne's-lace (Daucus carota), butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa), blue vervain (Verbena hastata) and Basswood (Tilia americana) in flower, UWGB. I first noticed plantain (Plantago major) in flower on UWGB today, but first flower dates vary widely depending on conditions. Plants on recently disturbed, bare soil in full sun, can flower two weeks or more before those on more competitive sites or in partial shade. Spotted knapweed (Centaruea maculosa) well into flower, Marinette County (Gary Fewless).
July 7	Lead plant (Amorpha canescens), mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virgininaum) and monkey flower (Mimulus ringens) in flower, UWGB (Gary Fewless).
July 6	I first noticed New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus) in flower today at UWGB--it probably began a few days earlier (Gary Fewless).
July 5	Hedge-nettle (Stachys palustris), bouncing-bet (Saponaria officinalis) in flower, UWGB (Gary Fewless).
July 4	Swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) in flower, UWGB (Gary Fewless).
July 3	White sweetclover (Melilotus alba), day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), catnip (Nepeta cataria) and showy centaury (Centaurium pulchellum) in flower, UWGB (Gary Fewless). Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in flower in roadside ditches, City of Green Bay, but still not flowering in open wetlands in the same area.
July 2	Little leaf linden (Tilia cordata) in flower, UWGB (Gary Fewless).
July 1	Moneywort (Lysimachia nummularia) in flower, Brown County (Gary Fewless).